Sigiriya Rock

This ancient rock fortress has one of the most scenic views in Sri Lanka. Often called the 8th wonder of the world, Sigiriya became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982.

It is among the best-preserved ancient urban planning examples. Even today’s architects and engineers are astounded by the breathtaking height on which a palace complex was built.

Volcanic Formation

The massive column of rock is a volcanic plug that was formed over 2 billion years ago. Volcanic plugs are created when magma hardens inside a vent on an active volcano. After the volcanic activity ceased, the plug forms through erosion: The surrounding rock is removed over time by wind and rain, while the hard volcanic plug material remains.

As a result, a distinctive upright landform is left. Other well-known volcanic plugs beside Sigiriya Rock are the ”Devils Tower” (Wyoming, USA), ”The Nut” (Tasmania) or Taung Kalat in Myanmar.

Exciting History

The first clear signs of inhabitants at this structure date back to the 3rd century BC (= 300 years before year 1). Evidently, monks and ascetics lived there in rock shelters and caves. There is also proof that the area was occupied even earlier, almost 5000 years ago.

However, the formation of sophisticated architecture happened later when King Kashyapa (reigned 477–495) built a palace on the summit of the rock during the 5th century AD. It is said that it served him as a safeguard against enemies as well as a pleasure palace.

Sigiriya was built not just as a fortification, but also as a complex city encircling the rock. The majority of the structures on the rock summit and around it, including defensive structures, residences, and garden structures, originate during the king’s reign.

After being defeated in 495, the king died violently. Sigiriya was later transformed into a Buddhist monastery complex. Monks used it until the 14th century. For a long time after this period, no records are found on Sigiriya.

Although some archaeological work began in the nineteenth century, it wasn’t until 1907 that British explorer John Still discovered important parts of the site. Sigiriya is an impressive ancient monument today. The ruins demonstrate how a simple rock was transformed into a complex fortress and palace.

Intriguing Frescoes

Some of the most intriguing ancient frescoes in the world exist at Sigiriya. Fresco means ”fresh” in Italian and is the ancientest known painting technique. The painting becomes an integral part of the wall which results in extreme durability. The earliest known examples of frescoes date from the Egyptian culture 2600 BC.

9 Visiting Tips

Visiting Sigiriya Rock in Sri Lanka is a bucket list must-do for any traveler. Here are 9 tips to make sure you get the most out of your experience.

1. Plan your visit. Make sure you know what time the site opens and closes, and plan your visit for the middle of the day, when the sun isn’t too hot. Also, check the weather forecast and if possible, plan for the day with the least amount of rain.
2. Wear comfortable shoes. The climb up to the top of Sigiriya Rock can be strenuous and you’ll want shoes that will keep you comfortable throughout the journey.
3. Bring water and snacks. The climb can take several hours and it’s important to stay hydrated and energized.
4. Bring a camera. The view from the top is stunning and you won’t want to forget it. Make sure to bring a good quality camera with a zoom lens.
5. Bring a hat and sunscreen. The sun in Sri Lanka is strong and a hat and sunscreen will help protect you from the harmful UV rays.
6. Take your time. Sigiriya Rock is steep and can be difficult to climb. Take your time and enjoy the journey.
7. Respect the locals. Sigiriya Rock is a sacred site and you should always be respectful of the locals and their culture.
8. Be mindful of the wildlife. Sigiriya is home to a variety of wildlife, so be sure to keep your distance and don’t disturb them.
9. Have fun! The view from the top of Sigiriya Rock is well worth the effort and you’ll want to take some time to appreciate the beauty of the site.

Following these tips will ensure that you have the best possible experience when visiting Sigiriya Rock in Sri Lanka. Enjoy your visit!